Machine for hot-forging, press and die-casting of metals



Sept. 24, 1935. B. SACHS 1 2,015,462

I MACHINE FOR HOT FORGING, PRESS AND DIE CASTING 0F METALS Filed Nov. 2, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet l F/G. Z

Bea/Yo 550/5 INVENTOR.

m- Wm i A TTORNEY.

Sept. 24, 1935- 2,o1 s,4e2

MACHINE FOR HOT FORGING, PRESS AND DIE CASTING 0F METALS Filed Nov. 2, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 F/G. 6a

I, rum,

Illlp.

Bid/v0 500/5 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

B. SACHS 2,015,462

Sept. 24, 1935.

MACHINE FOR HOT FORGING, PRESS AND DIE CASTING OF METALS I5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Nov. 2,v 1934 BY Wm;

ATTORNEY.

Patented Sept, 24, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT .orri ct} monnvnroi no'r-roaemo, mass m DIE-CASTING F METALS Bruno Sachs, Vienna, Austria, assignor to Nathan Forgings and Machining Corporation,

New

In the hot-forging method metal parts are pro duced by means of friction spindle, eccentric, hy-

draulic or other presses and sometimes by means of drop or other hammers insuch manner that part'of the die and are fitted with a movablereciprocating member to-which is secured the 15 other (movable) part ofthe die, said reciprocating member communicating the energy necessary for the plastic formation of the inserted bar during the for ing process. v

In the die-casting method metal parts are prose duced by introducing molten metal with a high velocityproduced by pressure exerted upon the molten metal in a die usually made of steel and constructed'of two parts, said die being held closed during the die-casting, process. All machines 25 utilized for the production of die-cast articles'are provided with a plate adapted to receive the fixed hall. of the die and with a movable member whereto is secured the second half .(or movable half) of the die, said movable member being adapted to 30 lower the movablefhalf of the die upon the fixed half and to press same upon the fixed half with a certain pressure, these-called closing pressure, in the operative position. Connected to the fixed half of .the die and communicating therewith -35 through a'nozzl'e applied thereto in apressure 1 tight manner or thro'ugha passagethere is, as a rule, a container or chamber containing the moltenmetal on which the aforesaidpressure acts at the moment of operation, whereby the :molten 40 metal is forced through the nozzle or -passage into the steel die at great velocity. The pressure is produced either'by compressed fair {acting directly, upon the molten metal or by "a plunger, which in turn is actuated either by-compressed air, or by 45 draulically, "or mechanically or by hand. The

aforesaid'closing' pressure must be ableto stand up against the hydraulic shock of the metal rushing intofthe" diegas well as against the inertia forces of the masses exerting; or transmitting the:

I ping of 'piungers', rods-and so forth). I r I 1 ,The present. invention relates to a machine 50 casting pressure (resulti ng'f fro n suddenly, stopwhich makes it possible to produce acw cording to thehot-"forging process as wellas the die-casting and press-casting process by the mounting of suitable dies or moulds. Figs. 1 to 3 illustrate an embodiment of the invention.-

' Fig. 4 shows a nozzle which may be produced by. the combined process. 7

Fig. '5 is a vertical sectional view of the complete die used in the production of the-nozzle.

Fig. 6 is a sectiontaken along the line A- -B of Fig, 5.

6a is a section taken on the-line C"D of Fig.5. We Fig. 7 is a plan view of the lower part of the die, and Fig. 8 is a plan view of the spacing plate interposed between upperand lower parts of the die'.

Fig. 9 is-a'view, partly in'sec'tion, showing'the arrangement for producing rods, and Fig.1!) is a I detail view, partly in section. j v

' "In Fig.1 the plate or table of the machine indicated at is rigidly'co'nnected to cylinders 2 and-3 by means of a-frame or columns. In the cylin ders, which are closed at both ends in a pressure tight manner,- reciprocate the hydraulicallydriven pistonsland 5. At its lower end the piston 4 carries 'a plate like member 6. v If hot-forged parts are to be produced the fixed half :1 of a hot-forging die is secured to the table I and the movable half 8 to the plate. like member 6 and the heated bar 9 is placed in position. The movement of the a piston 4 performs in this case the pure operative movement and the piston 5 conveniently actuates the ejector. It for ejecting; the forged part from thelower half I of the die. e x

If-die-cast parts are to be produced the fixed half I I .(Fig. 2) of a die is securedto the table I and the movable half 1 ofthe'die I! to the plate 6. --'I'hetfixed"halfi of-the dieis provided with acylindricalfbore. l3 passing right through same, wherein is movably disposed a piston'rod M secured to the-:piston 5. The bore l3 communicates through a passage- I 5 with the hollow ofath'e40 die proper indicatedat I6 (for the article tofbe produced). Molten metal is introducedintoj'the' hollow space. It the bottom of which is closed by the piston rod l4, thereupon the piston! lowers the movable half of the form l2 onto the half! I" and holdsthe "half l2 onto the: half ll with the closing pressure. Pressure'is then exerted upon the piston 5 from belo'w, this causing the piston rod It to shoot upwards thereby forcing the molten metal through the passage l5 into the hollowmouldlli.-'

.' in te d a'h'ydraulic drive the pistons 4 and 5 maybe actuated by compressed air, steam or mecha'nically. 5

With such a machine it is also possible to give a metal part to be manufactured its approximate shape by the die-casting process and to subject the metal shape thus produced by die-casting immediately after it has obtained its shape to a subsequent or finishing forging operation. For thispurpose ailthatisrequiredistosuperpose on the lower part I l of the die for example a plate ll (Fig. 3) which has an aperture corresponding to section of the shape to be produced at-the'dividing plane of the die. This resuitsin ,the die-cast article being thicker to the extent of thethickness of the interposed plate. The interposed plate is removed immediately after the diecasting operation and the movable half I! of the form is pressed against the fixed half, whereby the superfluous material is caused' to flow away and forms the forging flash.

This aspect of the operation of the machine will,now be described in greater detail.

The lower part I l of the die, wherein is made a cavity corresponding to the outer configuration of the lower half of the nomle, is rigidly connected to the table i. The upper part I! of the die,

' wherein is. made a cavity corresponding to the part otthecore ll.

outer configuration of the upper half of the nozzle, is rigidly connected to the plate like member I of one of the movable members. The plate il comprises two parts "a and "b which are movable in the direction of the arrows (Figs. 6 and 8). ll indicates the core movable in the direction of the arrow (Figs. 5 and '7) which is necessary for forming the hollow interior I! of the nozzle (Fig. 4). The sliding pieces a and 24b, which surround the core II, are slidably fitted in the upper and the lower parts of the die respectively. The springs 25a and lib press these sliding pieces a. and Nb against the core II and permit the relative movement of the core I I to the upper and lower parts of the die during the forg-, ing operation. ll illustrates, as in Pig. 2, the rod connected to the second movable member, said rod being slidabiy fitted in the cylindrical bore ll of the lower part of the die.

The operation is as follows: At the beginning of the cycle of operation the reciprocating memberiandtherewith theupperpartofthedie l2 isinraised positionandthehalfplates "sand ilbareremovedi'romthelowerpart,sothatthis isfreelyexposed. Into the hoilowspace llclosed belowbythe rod illiquid metalis'pouredrorexamplebymeansofascooporladlefroma melting furmce disposed bythesideorthemaehine. The twohalfplates llaand l'lbarethenplacedin positiononthelowerhalfofthedieandthe member lialoweredwiththeuppperpart II of thedieandispresaedupon thelowerhalf ll ofthe diewiththe closing pressure. ('Ihismomentin .Gc). 'nierodllisthenmovedupwardsandthe 70.

liquidmetalisforcedthromhthepassase llinto thehollowme llorthedie. Thlshollowspace isformedbythehollowspacesintheupperand the die, by the lateral bounding facesofthehalfplates llaand llb,aswellasby 'rbenextstepistbeupward on the arrows (Pigs.6and8). Thememberlwith theupperpartllofthedieisthenloweredand 6 movementof thememberiwiththe i2 ofthedieandremovalofthehalfpiates and "b by pulling them awayinthedirecti pressedupontheworkinthelowerpartll. The workis already solidifiedbutisstillincandescent. The superfluous materialis therebycaused to flow away and forms theforging flash, the work thereby obtaining itsfinal shape. Thememberllo isthen raised with the upper part I! of thedie. andthecore ilispulledoutinthedirectionof thearrow(Figs.5and'l). Inthecourseofthe .further upward movement of the plunger ll the pressed workis elected from the lower part II of 15 the die. In this condition the forging fiash and the piece of metal remaining in the filling plug stillformpartoftheworhandthesemaybe subsequently removed in the usual manner by hand or machining.

Itisalsopossibletoproducewithsuehamachine metalrodsand tubesbythe extrusion process. Fig. 9'iilustrates the arrangement for produclngrods. lindicates'thetableofthemachine with-which the lowerpart I of thetoolisrigidlyzo connected and which contains the matrix 2.. Thisisarmmddiscmadeofsteelwithanape'rtureliinthecentrewhichcorrespondstothe sectionofthebartobeproduced. ll,asinl"ig.1, are-electors which are supported on the lower so piston-rod'll. The pistonrod llhasabore 22 V passingrishtthroughit. Theuwe partofthe toolisacylindricalbartrisi yconnectedtothe movable member 0. The operationisas follows: The billet ilcastinsandorinadieorinanyss other manner and heatedtopressing temperature isplacedinpositioninthelowerpartlofthe tool. Whentheupperpartlofthetoolislow enedtheinsertedbilletisincreasedindiameter sothatitfilisupthelowerpartofthetoolcom-m pletely anditisforcedthroughtheopeningll of the matrix 2., whereby a rod is produced. (In order to ailowunrestrlcted passage of same the piston rod ll, as mentioned above, is provided withasuitablepassage 22). Whenthepressing45 isfinishedtheresidueleftinthelowerpartlof thetoolisstillinconnectionwiththeextruded rod.'whenthepistonlrisesthisresidue islifted outofthelowerpartofthetoolbytheejectorsll andiscutolftheextrudedrod. Theextrudedrodoo isthenpuiledoutdownwardlythroughtheaperturellinthebottom. 4 Theproductlonof tubesissimiiar. Inaddition tothecylindricaipiungerbaritheupperpartof thetoolcomprisesathinnerplunger-barla mg.

lowcylindricalmemberformedbythepiercing pushedthroughtheopenirmflotthematrixll overtbemandrellabytheplungerl.sothata tubeisproduced. Theopeningllofthemairlx Ilcorrespondstotheouterdiameteroithetubetobeproduced. HgJOHhntr-atesthetooIwith theinsertedbilletatthemomentwhenthe p ss s "Ihemachineisadaptedtoproducesha of ailindustrialmetalsandaiiorswhiehareworkable by the hot-forging or die-casting process, lead, tin, sine, magnsium, copper, iron, nickel,

the hot-forging and die-casting process.

"Having now partieularlydescribed and asee'r- 1s tained the nature oi my said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

1. The process of making metal articles by successive die casting and hot pressing comprising the steps 01 maintaining complemental dies under closing pressure with a removable spacing element between said dies, injecting molten metal into said mold members under pressure, opening said dies after the metal has solidified and while still at a temperature suitable for hot pressing, removing the spacing element, and compressing said casting by subjecting the dies to hydraulic pressure.

2. The process of making metal articles by successive die casting and hot pressing comprising the steps of die casting said article in relatively movable oversize dies, opening said dies after the metal has solidified and while still at a temperature suitable for hot pressing, reducing the size ofsaid dies, and compressing said casting by subjecting the dies to hydraulic pressure.

3. The process of making metal articles by successive die casting and hot pressing comprising the steps of die casting said article in comple mental relatively movable dies having an oversize die cavity, opening said dies after the metal has solidified and while still at a temperature suitable for hot pressing, reducing the size of said cavity to the size and shape of the desired article, and compressing said casting between said complemental dies.

4. An apparatus of the kind described comprising a frame, an upper and a lower cylinder. carried thereby, a piston in each cylinder operable by hydraulic pressure, a table fixedly carried by said frame, saidtable having a vertical passage therethrough, the lower piston having a piston rod entering said passage, a lower mold member fixed on said table and having a passage in registry with the passage in said table, the upper piston having a piston rod projecting downwardly from said upp r cylinder, a complemental upper mold member carried by said upper piston, the cavity in said mold members being formed to the shape and size of the desired article, and a removable spacing element disposed on said lower mold member serving to increase the size of the casting, whereby upon completion of the casting operation the element may be removed and the 5 casting subjected to hot pressing by the coaction of said mold members.

5. An apparatus of the kind described comprising a frame, an upper and a lower cylinder carried thereby, a piston in each cylinder operable by hydraulic pressure, a table fixedly carried by said frame, said table having a vertical passage therethrough. the lower piston having a piston rod entering said passage, a lower mold member fixed on said table and having a passage in registry with the passage in said table, the upperpiston having a piston rod projecting downwardly from said upper cylinder, a complemental upper mold member carried by said upper piston, the cavity in said mold members being formed to the shape and size 01 the desired article, and an element cooperating with said dies for increasing the size of said cavity during the casting operation, whereby upon completion of the casting operation the element may be removed and the casting subjected to-hot pressing by the coaction of said mold members.

6. an apparatus of the kind described comprising a frame, an upper and a lower cylinder carried thereby, a piston in each cylinder operable by hydraulic pressure, a table fixedly carried by said frame, said table having a vertical passage, therethrough, the lower piston having a piston rod entering said passage, a lower mold member fixed on said table and having a passage in registry with the passage in said table, the upper piston having a piston rod projecting downwardly from said upper cylinder, a complemental upper mold member carried by said upper piston, and means whereby the cavity of said mold members may be 4 enlarged during the casting operation and reduced at the completion of the casting operation, thereby permitting the use of said dies for a hot pressing operation immediately upon completion of the casting operation.

BRUNO SACHS. 

